P12: TEXTURE PAINTING

ID: P12 | Cluster: Materials PBR | Difficulty: ⭐⭐ | Tags: #texture-paint #layers #brushes #baking #pbr

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🎯 GOAL

Hand-paint PBR textures directly on 3D models using Blender's Texture Paint mode with layer system

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📝 PROMPT (RUS)

Настрой Texture Paint для "[OBJECT_NAME]":
Слои: BASE_COLOR, ROUGHNESS, METALLIC, NORMAL, HEIGHT
Кисти: DRAW, SOFTEN, SMEAR, CLONE, FILL, MASK
Маска: по вертекс-группам / по UV / по Cavity
Экспорт: все карты в папку //textures/

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📝 PROMPT (ENG)

Setup Texture Paint for "[OBJECT_NAME]":
Layers: BASE_COLOR, ROUGHNESS, METALLIC, NORMAL, HEIGHT
Brushes: DRAW, SOFTEN, SMEAR, CLONE, FILL, MASK
Mask: by vertex groups / by UV / by Cavity
Export: all maps to //textures/ folder

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🔧 MCP: execute_blender_code

SETUP TEXTURE PAINT LAYERS

import bpy

obj = bpy.data.objects.get("Target_Mesh")
if not obj or obj.type != 'MESH':
    raise ValueError("Mesh object required")

# Убедиться в UV
if not obj.data.uv_layers:
    bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = obj
    bpy.ops.object.mode_set(mode='EDIT')
    bpy.ops.mesh.select_all(action='SELECT')
    bpy.ops.uv.smart_project()
    bpy.ops.object.mode_set(mode='OBJECT')

# Создать изображения для слоёв
def create_paint_image(name, width=2048, height=2048, color=(0,0,0,0), float_buffer=False):
    img = bpy.data.images.new(name, width, height, alpha=True, float_buffer=float_buffer)
    pixels = [color[0], color[1], color[2], color[3]] * (width * height)
    img.pixels = pixels
    return img

# Слои PBR
base_color_img = create_paint_image("Tex_BaseColor", color=(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1))
roughness_img = create_paint_image("Tex_Roughness", color=(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1), float_buffer=True)
metallic_img = create_paint_image("Tex_Metallic", color=(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1), float_buffer=True)
normal_img = create_paint_image("Tex_Normal", color=(0.5, 0.5, 1.0, 1))
height_img = create_paint_image("Tex_Height", color=(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1), float_buffer=True)

# Материал с Texture Paint слоями
mat = bpy.data.materials.new("Mat_Paint")
mat.use_nodes = True
nodes = mat.node_tree.nodes
links = mat.node_tree.links
nodes.clear()

principled = nodes.new('ShaderNodeBsdfPrincipled')
principled.location = (0, 0)
output = nodes.new('ShaderNodeOutputMaterial')
output.location = (400, 0)
links.new(principled.outputs['BSDF'], output.inputs['Surface'])

# Texture nodes для каждого слоя
def add_paint_texture(img, label, location):
    tex = nodes.new('ShaderNodeTexImage')
    tex.image = img
    tex.label = label
    tex.location = location
    tex.interpolation = 'Linear'
    return tex

tex_base = add_paint_texture(base_color_img, "PAINT_BaseColor", (-400, 300))
tex_rough = add_paint_texture(roughness_img, "PAINT_Roughness", (-400, 100))
tex_metal = add_paint_texture(metallic_img, "PAINT_Metallic", (-400, -100))
tex_norm = add_paint_texture(normal_img, "PAINT_Normal", (-400, -300))

links.new(tex_base.outputs['Color'], principled.inputs['Base Color'])
links.new(tex_rough.outputs['Color'], principled.inputs['Roughness'])
links.new(tex_metal.outputs['Color'], principled.inputs['Metallic'])

# Normal Map
normal_map = nodes.new('ShaderNodeNormalMap')
normal_map.location = (200, -300)
links.new(tex_norm.outputs['Color'], normal_map.inputs['Color'])
links.new(normal_map.outputs['Normal'], principled.inputs['Normal'])

# Назначить материал
if obj.data.materials:
    obj.data.materials[0] = mat
else:
    obj.data.materials.append(mat)

# Переключить в Texture Paint mode
bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = obj
bpy.ops.object.mode_set(mode='TEXTURE_PAINT')

# Настроить слои для рисования
tool_settings = bpy.context.scene.tool_settings
tool_settings.unified_paint_settings.use_unified_size = True
tool_settings.unified_paint_settings.size = 50
tool_settings.unified_paint_settings.use_unified_strength = True
tool_settings.unified_paint_settings.strength = 0.5

print("Texture Paint ready! Layers: BaseColor, Roughness, Metallic, Normal")

BRUSH PRESETS

import bpy

# Создать кисти для PBR
def create_brush(name, brush_type, strength=0.5, radius=50, blend='MIX', use_color=True):
    brush = bpy.data.brushes.new(name)
    brush.brush_type = brush_type
    brush.strength = strength
    brush.size = radius
    brush.blend = blend
    if use_color:
        brush.color = (0.8, 0.8, 0.8)
    return brush

# Base Color кисти
create_brush("Paint_Draw", 'DRAW', strength=0.5, radius=80)
create_brush("Paint_Soften", 'SOFTEN', strength=0.3, radius=100)
create_brush("Paint_Smear", 'SMEAR', strength=0.4, radius=80)
create_brush("Paint_Clone", 'CLONE', strength=1.0, radius=50)
create_brush("Paint_Fill", 'FILL', strength=1.0, radius=200)

# Mask кисти
create_brush("Mask_Draw", 'MASK', strength=1.0, radius=80, use_color=False)
create_brush("Mask_Blur", 'MASK', strength=0.3, radius=100, use_color=False)

MASKING TECHNIQUES

# Маска по Cavity (полости)
bpy.ops.paint.mask_cavity()

# Маска по вертекс-группам
obj.vertex_groups.new(name="Paint_Mask")
# Назначить веса в Weight Paint mode

# Маска по UV (Edge Mask)
bpy.ops.paint.mask_by_attribute(attribute_name="uv_edge")

# Инверсия маски
bpy.ops.paint.mask_invert()

EXPORT ALL MAPS

import os

export_dir = "//textures/"
os.makedirs(bpy.path.abspath(export_dir), exist_ok=True)

for img in [base_color_img, roughness_img, metallic_img, normal_img, height_img]:
    filepath = os.path.join(export_dir, img.name + ".png")
    img.filepath_raw = filepath
    img.file_format = 'PNG'
    img.save()

print("Exported to:", bpy.path.abspath(export_dir))

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📊 LAYER WORKFLOW

Слой	Image Format	Color Space	Paint Mode	Blend
Base Color	PNG 8-bit	sRGB	Color	MIX
Roughness	PNG 8-bit	Non-Color	Value	MIX
Metallic	PNG 8-bit	Non-Color	Value	MIX
Normal	PNG 8-bit	Non-Color	Color (RGB=Normal)	MIX
Height	PNG 16/32-bit	Non-Color	Value	MIX

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💡 PRO TIPS

Tip	Why
Используй float_buffer=True для Roughness/Metallic/Height	Точность значений 0-1
Включи Unified Paint Settings	Единые размер/сила для всех кистей
Рисуй на Low-poly с Multires	Детали без лагов
Используй Stencil для текстур	Точное размещение деталей
Сохраняй каждые 5 мин	Image > Save или Alt+S

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🔗 СВЯЗИ

• Прочие в категории «Промпты»: P19: NLA EDITOR WORKFLOW, P46: UDIM WORKFLOW, P05: UV UNWRAPPING STRATEGIES, P08: SCULPTING BASICS, P09: PRINCIPLED BSDF SETUP
• По темам: P37: SEAMLESS TEXTURE WORKFLOW, P38: HIGH→LOW BAKE PIPELINE, CASE 03: PRODUCT VISUALIZATION
• Теги: #baking, #brushes, #layers, #pbr, #prompt, #texture, #texture-paint, #texturing